PRODUTOS NATURAIS ALUCINÓGENOS: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS, QUÍMICOS E FARMACOLÓGICOS
Resumo
Os alucinógenos de origem natural constituem um interessante grupo de substâncias na Química de Produtos Naturais. Reconhecendo-se a importância histórica, química e farmacológica de tais substâncias, neste trabalho é apresentado e discutido, com base na literatura específica, aspectos importantes sobre a história, a química e a farmacologia dos alucinógenos naturais clássicos: LSA, Δ9-THC, DMT, harmina, mescalina, psilocina, psilocibina, hiosciamina, escopolamina, ibogaína, salvinorina A e thujona.Referências
ABRAHAM, H.D.; ALDRIDGE, A.M.; GOGIA, P. The psychopharmacology of hallucinogens. Neuropsychopharmacology, v. 14, n. 4, p. 285-298. 1996.
AGHAJANIAN, G.K.; MAREK, G.J.; Serotonin and hallucinogens.Neuropsychopharmacology, v. 21, n. 2S, p. 16 S-23 S. 1999.
ALPER, K.; REITH, M.E.A.; SERSHEN, H. Ibogaine and the inhibition of 539 acetylcholinesterase.Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 139, p. 879-882. 2012.
APPEL, J.; KIM-APPEL, D. The rise of a new psychoactive agent: Salvia divinorum. International Journal of Menthal Health and Addiction, 5, 248-253. 2007.
BAHAR, M.; DENG, Y.; FLETCHER, J.N.; KINGHORN, A.D. Plant-derived natural products in drug discovery and development: an overview, p. 17. In: IKAN, R. Selected topics in the chemistry of natural products. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. 2008.
BRENNEISEN, R. Chemistry and analysis of phytocannabinoids and other Cannabis constituents, p. 17-50. In: ELSOHLY, M.A. Marijuana and the cannabinoids. New Jersey: Humana Press. 2007.
BRIERLEY, D.I.; DAVIDSON, C. Developments in harmine pharmacology – implications for ayahuasca use and drug-dependence treatment.Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 39, p. 263-272, 2012.
CARAI, M.A.M.; AGABIO, R.; BOMBARDELLI, E.; BOUROV, I.; GESSA, G.L.; LOBINA, C.; MORAZZONI, P.; PANI, M.; REALI, R.; VACCA, G.; COLOMBO, G. Potential use of medicinal plants in the treatment of alcoholism. Fitoterapia, 71, p. S38-S42. 2000.
CARLINI, E.A. Plants and the central nervous system.Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 561 75, p. 501-512. 2003
CODY, J.T. Hallucinogens.Forensic Science, v. 2, p. 143-162. 2000.
DEWICK, P.M. Medicinal natural products: a biosynthetic approach. 2a ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2002. 507p.
FREEDLAND, C.S.; MANSBACH, R.S. Behavioral profile of constituents in ayahuasca, an Amazonian psychoactive plant mixture.Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 54, p. 183-194. 1999.
HALPERN, B.L. Hallucinogens and dissociative agents naturally growing in the United States.Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 102, p. 131-138. 2004
HUESTIS, M.A.; SMITH, M.L. Human cannabinoid pharmacokinects and interpretation of cannabinoid concentrations in biological fluids and tissues, p. 205-236. In: ELSOHLY, M.A. Marijuana and the cannabinoids. New Jersey: Humana Press. 2007.
JOHNSON, M.W.; MACLEAN, K.A.; REISSIG, C.J.; PRISINZANO, T.E.; GRIFFITHS, R.R. Human psychopharmacology and dose-effects of Salvinorin A, a kappa opioid agonist hallucinogen present in the plant Salvia divinorum. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 115, p. 150-155. 2011.
MARTINEZ, S.T.; ALMEIDA, M.R.; PINTO, A.C. Alucinógenos naturais: um voo da Europa medieval ao Brasil. Química Nova, v. 32, n. 9, p. 2501-2507. 2009
MCKENNA, D.J. Plant hallucinogens: springboards for psychotherapeutic drug discovery. Behavioural Brain Research, 73, p. 109-115. 1996.
MCKENNA, D.J.; CALLAWAY, J.C.; GROB, C.S. The scientific investigation of ayahuasca: a review of past and current research. The Heffer Review of Psychedelic Research¸ v. 1. 1998.
NICHOLS, D.E. Hallucinogens.Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 101, p. 131-181. 2004
OLSEN, R.W. Absinthe and γ-aminobutyric acid receptors.PNAS, v. 97, n. 9, p. 4417-4418. 2000.
PADOSCH, S.A.; LACHENMEIER, D.W.; KRONER, L.U. Absinthism: a fictitious 19th century syndrome with present impact. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention and Policy, v. 1, n. 14, 14p. 2006.
PATEL, K.; GADEWAR, M.; TRIPATHI, R.; PRASAD, S.K.; PATEL, D.K.A review on medicinal importance, pharmacological activity and bioanalytical aspects of beta-carboline alkaloid 600 “Harmine”.Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, p. 660-664. 2012
PELKONEN, O.; ABASS, K.; WIESNER, J. Thujone and thujone-containing herbal medicinal and 603 botanical products: toxicological assessment. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 65, 100-604 107. 2013
PRISINZANO, T.E. Psychopharmacology of the hallucinogenic sage Salvia divinorum. Life Sciences, 607
